mod1.gif (8161 bytes)

bookshlf2c.gif (3404 bytes)SAMPLE PAGES OF A RESEARCH PAPER
USING PARENTHETICAL NOTES
(MLA FORMAT)

Use 1-inch margins all around. Remember to double-space all text. Student's last name and page number goes in the top-right corner of each page. Click here to see Basic Rules for Parenthetical Notes.

Doe 1         

     John Doe

     Professor Smith

     English 1302

     1 May 1998

Just Sheer Naked Magic

           What weighs about three pounds but has more parts than there are stars in the

     Milky Way galaxy (Flieger)? What fills the space occupied by only three pints

     of milk yet includes components that, laid end to end, would stretch several

     hundred thousand miles (Diagram 19)? What looks like an oversized walnut

     made of soft, grayish-pink cheese but contains the equivalent of 100 trillion tiny

     calculators (Restak, Brain 27)? What, according to James Watson,

     co-discoverer of the helical structure of DNA, is "the most complex thing we

     have yet discovered in our universe" (qtd. in Begley 66)? To all four of these

     intriguing questions there is but one surprising answer: the human brain. This

     miraculous organ is remarkable in its structure, its function, and its chemical

 

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     composition.

          What is the brain? According to Richard Restak,

the human brain is the master control center of the

body. The brain constantly receives information from

the senses about conditions both inside the body and

outside it. The brain rapidly analyzes this information

and then sends out messages that control body

functions and actions.  ("Brain" 561)

     According to Tether, the brain is divided into three main parts: the cerebrum, the

     cerebellum, and the brain stem (421). These parts, in turn, are largely made up of

     nerve cells, called neurons, and helper cells, called glia. Researchers have

     discovered that there may be as many as 100 billion neurons in the brain and a far

     greater number of glia, possibly as many as one trillion (Kolb and Whishaw 1).

          Important discoveries throughout the decade of the 1990’s in molecular biology

     and genetics are revolutionizing our understanding of how the human brain works

     (Kotulak ix). Advances in imaging technology are allowing us to learn more about

     the human brain than ever before in human history (Kotulak x). Keith A. Johnson

 

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    and J. Alex Becker have even placed "The Whole Brain Atlas," which

    consists of dozens of images of the brain in normal, damaged, and diseased

    states, on the World Wide Web for anyone with access to the Internet to view

    and study.

          One area of the new brain research reveals that the first three years of a child’s

     life are crucial to the development of the brain. Proper stimulation of infants can,

     according to Kotulak, affect the development of language, vision, brain power,

     aggression, emotions, touch, and education (9-11). An editorial in the New York

     Times states that the importance of early stimulation--to promote the healthy brain

     development in children--is a "compelling argument for the expansion of support

     for new parents and of quality child care programs" ("Nurturing"). North Carolina,

     Vermont, Colorado, and Ohio are implementing programs to offer support services

     to families with young children ("Nurturing").

 

 

SAMPLE WORKS CITED LIST

All entries should be double-spaced. Entries of two or more lines must be indented five spaces. Click here to see The Basic Rules for the Works Cited List.

Doe 11          

Works Cited

     Begley, Sharon, et al. "Mapping the Brain." Newsweek 20 Apr. 1992: 66-70.

     Berger, Bob. "Mapping the Mindfields." Omni Jan. 1992: 56-58.

     Damasio, Antonio R. "Aphasia." The New England Journal of Medicine 326

(1992): 531-39.

     Diagram Group. The Brain: A User’s Manual. New York: Putnam’s, 1982.

     Flieger, Ken. "Memories Are Made of This." FDA Consumer Sep. 1989: 14-19.

Rpt. in Mental Health. Ed. Eleanor C. Goldstein. Vol. 4.

Boca Raton: SIRS, 1989. Art. 16.

     Johnson, Keith A., and J. Alex Becker. "The Whole Brain Atlas." Harvard Medical

School  1997. 12 July 1997 <http://www.med.harvard.edu:80/AANLIB/

home.html>.

     Kolb, Brian, and Ian Q. Whishaw. "Brain." Encyclopedia of Human Biology.

Ed. Renato Dulbecco. Vol. 2. San Diego: Academic, 1991.

1-10. 8 vols.

     Kotulak, Ronald. Inside the Brain: Revolutionary Discoveries of How the Mind

Works.  Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1996.

 

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     Lehrman, Sally. "Scientists Envision Methods of Mapping the Human Brain."

San Francisco Examiner 22 July 1992. NewsBank: Science

and Technology 1992: fiche 22, grids E4-5.

     "Nurturing Development of the Brain." Editorial. New York Times 28 Apr. 1997,

late ed.: A14. New York Times Ondisc. CD–ROM.

     Plum, Fred. "Disorders of the Cerebral Hemispheres and Higher Brain Functions."

The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Ed.

Robert Berkow. 15th ed. Vol. 1. Rahway: Merck, 1987.

1022-32. 2 vols.

     Restak, Richard. "Brain." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1991 ed.

---. The Brain. Toronto: Bantam, 1984.

     Russell, William Ritchie. Explaining the Brain. London: Oxford UP, 1975.

     Tether, J. Edward. "Brain." Encyclopedia Americana. 1990 ed.

     Wurtman, Richard J. "Ways That Foods Can Affect the Brain." The Healing

Brain: A Scientific Reader. Eds. Robert E. Ornstein and

Charles Swencionis. New York: Guilford, 1990. 106-13.